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Taarifa kwa Wazazi

Hypospadias

  • Ugonjwa huu ni nini?

    • Hypospadias inarejelea nyama ya urethra ("shimo la mkojo") ambayo iko kando ya chini, badala ya ncha ya uume. Uwazi unaweza kuwa chini ya uume, kwenye glans au hata haupo kabisa, na mkojo unatoka kwenye kibofu nyuma ya uume.

  • Je, inatambuliwaje?

    • Hypospadias ni  kutambuliwa na uchunguzi wa kliniki tu.

  • Je, inatibiwaje?

    • Upasuaji ndio njia pekee ya kutibu hali hii.

  • Wakati inapaswa kuendeshwa?

    • Upasuaji wa Hypospadias unapaswa kufanywa baada ya karibu miezi 9 ya umri, kulingana na saizi ya uume.

  • Je, kuna njia nyingine mbadala za matibabu?

    • Usimamizi wa matibabu katika hali hii haufanikiwa.

  • Ni nini ninachohitaji kujua kabla ya upasuaji wa mtoto wangu?

    • Soma kijitabu cha maelezo cha “Yote unayohitaji kujua kabla ya upasuaji wa mtoto wako” kwenye tovuti.

  • Upasuaji unafanywaje?

    • Daktari wa upasuaji hutumia ngozi kwenye uume au prepuce  kuunda mrija ili uwazi wa urethra ufanyike kwenye ncha ya uume. Wakati mwingine upasuaji wa hatua unahitajika

  • Maoni

    • Kwa maelezo zaidi ya upasuaji, wasiliana na daktari wako wa upasuaji

  • Picha na video Zinazohusiana

    • Picha chache za hatua nilizofanya zimetolewa hapa kwa madhumuni ya kujifunza

  • Differential Diagnosis

    • It is important to eliminate underlying disorder of sex development (DSD) if associated with unilateral or bilateral undescended testis. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is a diagnosis that must not be missed and should be considered in females with ambiguous genitalia. If not detected early this can lead to a salt wasting crisis due to cortisol and aldosterone deficiency with androgen excess.

  • Investigations

    • If not concerned about DSD, no other investigation is routinely required.

    • If there are concerns about DSD, investigations that may be considered are:

      • Detailed history and examination

      • Karyotype

      • Pelvic ultrasound scan

      • Urea and Electrolytes

      • Endocrine hormones: Testosterone, 17 alpha-hyroxyprogesterone, LH, FSH, ACTH, renin, aldosterone

  • Associated Anomalies

    • Undescended testes 9.2%

    • Inguinal hernia 9%

    • Utricle in 11%

    • Renal anomalies 1%

    • Wilms tumour, renal agenesis

    • Pelvic kidney, horse show kidney etc.

    • Severe reflux.

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